高考生鞏固英語基礎(chǔ)知識的方法

　　高考生鞏固英語基礎(chǔ)知識的方法

　　一、首先明確復(fù)習(xí)目的

　　簡言之，第一輪復(fù)習(xí)的“主要目的是基礎(chǔ)能力過關(guān)”。目前，高考英語試題在重視英語基礎(chǔ)知識的同時，突出對語言運(yùn)用能力的考查，形成了以篇章閱讀為主體的試題布局。高三復(fù)習(xí)的最終目的是提高考生的語言運(yùn)用能力，但知識是能力的基礎(chǔ)，對能力的測試必然要結(jié)合對知識的測試，這是對考生多年積累的、系統(tǒng)化的、活化的知識測試：大量的知識考查通過能力測試得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，熟練掌握英語基礎(chǔ)知識正是為發(fā)展英語運(yùn)用能力做準(zhǔn)備。例如，在做“閱讀理解”時，如果考生復(fù)習(xí)時沒有熟練掌握英語基礎(chǔ)知識，就理解不了解構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子，看不懂篇章內(nèi)容，這又如何能正確地解答試題呢?同樣，做“書面表達(dá)”試題時，如果沒有一定量的詞匯知識和語法知識，就談不上正確的英語表達(dá)，怎么可能寫出通順的英語短文?

　　二、緊跟教學(xué)掌握方法

　　對于如何搞好英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)，能飛老師提出以下建議：

　　1. 抓課本、重基礎(chǔ)、強(qiáng)化詞句的積累

　　英語基礎(chǔ)知識的復(fù)習(xí)要以課本為綱，按照知識之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，將它們進(jìn)行分類整理。在這個過程中，要注意以新帶舊，使初中和高中所學(xué)的知識形成系統(tǒng)，總結(jié)出規(guī)律性，這樣才能融會貫通，也才能把知識轉(zhuǎn)化為能力。

　　考生應(yīng)以高中課本為主要教材，在老師的帶領(lǐng)下深入挖掘教材中的語言知識，鞏固語言基礎(chǔ)，對課本中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的語言知識進(jìn)行科學(xué)歸類和巧妙整理，找出其中的規(guī)律、抓住線索。復(fù)習(xí)知識是為了運(yùn)用知識，而網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的知識更便于運(yùn)用，更有利于學(xué)科能力的培養(yǎng)。考生只有經(jīng)過對所學(xué)的教材進(jìn)行層層挖掘才有希望把知識形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這對其實(shí)現(xiàn)知識向能力的遷移有重要的影響，有利于實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力的提高，并在應(yīng)考中運(yùn)用自如。

　　考生要在老師的幫助下構(gòu)建知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在老師的幫助下，在認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)和研究《考試說明》的基礎(chǔ)上，按照知識的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，將其要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類整理(內(nèi)容包括詞匯、句型、語法、交際用語、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)等方面)，從而使六年所學(xué)的零散的、孤立的知識有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來，使已學(xué)知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)化，形成一個完整的知識體系，從而摸索出帶有規(guī)律性的東西。

　　考生在使新舊知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、系統(tǒng)化的過程中，應(yīng)力爭使知識以點(diǎn)帶線、以線帶面、以新帶舊、以舊促新。深入挖掘課本中的經(jīng)典詞句，按照考綱的要求和考題的思路設(shè)置成練習(xí)題，既鞏固重點(diǎn)語言知識，又能不斷滲透高考試題的出題思路和解題技巧。

　　2. 抓語篇學(xué)習(xí)、重閱讀能力

　　從近幾年來的高考試題來看，死記硬背，強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，沉湎于“題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)”是難以出好成績的。將中心和重心放在單項(xiàng)填空上是不合時宜的。因此，要根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際情況，也可請求老師的幫助，制定出切實(shí)可行的復(fù)習(xí)計劃。做到按部就班，有條不紊，循序漸進(jìn)。其中，語篇學(xué)習(xí)最應(yīng)引起考生的足夠重視。 　　高中課本中文章題材廣、內(nèi)容新穎，知識覆蓋面寬。因此，考生應(yīng)充分利用高三課本中的閱讀材料，從文章的內(nèi)容、文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度及相關(guān)的背景知識巧妙設(shè)置問題，不斷提高自己的閱讀能力，開拓知識視野。同時，文章的新穎內(nèi)容還可以提高對英語的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。 　　3. 精選習(xí)題，有效訓(xùn)練 　　復(fù)習(xí)中，首先應(yīng)按照老師的節(jié)奏、充分有效地利用好課堂時間、提高聽課的效率。對平時老師布置的作業(yè)要及時、認(rèn)真完成，不浮躁。 　　建議考生應(yīng)有針對性地加強(qiáng)運(yùn)用練習(xí)。通過結(jié)合高考考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行針對性訓(xùn)練，在很短的時間內(nèi)復(fù)習(xí)完所有的語言知識，提高復(fù)習(xí)效率，以便有充裕的時間進(jìn)行聽力、完形填空、閱讀等專項(xiàng)能力訓(xùn)練和模擬訓(xùn)練，避免在復(fù)習(xí)課本知識和培養(yǎng)能力之間顧此失彼。在此基礎(chǔ)上，通過科學(xué)系統(tǒng)的訓(xùn)練，提高英語交際能力，從而收到事半功倍的效果。

　　考生選擇的復(fù)習(xí)資料不宜過多、要精當(dāng)、系統(tǒng)性好一些，必須是正規(guī)出版社出版的。如果辨別能力較差，可多咨詢老師，請老師幫忙把關(guān)。此外，如果考生哪方面能力相對比較弱，可以有針對性地適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充這方面的專項(xiàng)練習(xí)材料，所有的東西都應(yīng)該是在完成老師規(guī)定的任務(wù)之后再做的。并且，練習(xí)中要注意幾種題型的搭配。

　　三、時刻注意避免誤區(qū)

　　要注意下列誤區(qū)：

　　1.每天清賬不留死角

　　在本學(xué)期的復(fù)習(xí)中，不少考生的通病是覺得“做題越多越好”，而丟棄了對基礎(chǔ)知識的鞏固，對自己反復(fù)出錯的地方思考少。為此，實(shí)際上在做題上，應(yīng)重 “質(zhì)”甚于重“量”，要多思考、多總結(jié)。在復(fù)習(xí)中，有一點(diǎn)非常重要，務(wù)必做到不欠賬。也就是說，在每天的課堂學(xué)習(xí)中、做題過程中遇到的不明白、不清楚的內(nèi)容務(wù)必及時弄懂、把問題消化在當(dāng)天，“疑問”不過夜。如此一來，每天都有進(jìn)步。反之，積累的問題越來越多，在此后的復(fù)習(xí)中會成為包袱、成為能力提升的路障。

　　2. 單詞不宜“死記硬背”

　　單詞是英語復(fù)習(xí)大廈的“磚頭”，是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)。單詞，需要經(jīng)常記憶。在基礎(chǔ)復(fù)習(xí)上，別給下學(xué)期留下遺憾。考生必須堅持每天記單詞。給自己制定一個計劃，從高一的課本開始，對單詞進(jìn)行歸納、記憶。

　　高考英語�？贾�識點(diǎn)總結(jié)

　　1.句式要有變化：① 復(fù)合句、并列句 ② 倒裝句

　　(1) 虛擬語氣中if省略 (2)only+狀語置于句首

　　(3)否定詞置于句首 (4)地點(diǎn)副詞置于句首

　�、� 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 　　It is ……that (who)… 　�、�

　　非謂語動詞。

　　⑤ 虛擬語氣

　�、� 固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)

　　too…to… so…that… such a…that… not only…but also… neither…nor… such as… not …until… so that… either…or… 　　⑦直接引語與間接引語 　　多種時態(tài)，動名詞、不定式，并列結(jié)構(gòu)

　　2.要使用高等級詞匯及短語

　�、� 使用高等級詞匯 ② 使用短語 ③ 使用諺語 ④ 使用表強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞，如alone, just, single, only, not…at all; on the earth; the very; on earth等

　�、� 使用修辭手法:明喻， 暗喻，夸張，頭韻，擬人等

　　as busy as a bee; as proud as a peacock; as blind as a bat. as cool as a cucumber

　　3. 使用連接詞，過渡自然，連貫通順，一氣呵成

　　1) 用于按空間展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有：

　　above before me here on the left

　　across below in the distance on the right

　　beyond nearby opposite to over

　　also further next to on top of

　　up down close to beneath

　　under around near to along

　　2) 用于按時間順序展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有

　　soon, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early,

　　this morning /year, now, after, at present, later, afterwards finally, at last, all of a sudden , at noon , in the morning/afternoon/evening

　　3) 用于按分析法展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有

　　first, second, etc. now for this purpose

　　but as a result furthermore

　　finally at last moreover

　　also therefore likewise

　　another for example next

　　yet for instance on the contrary

　　once in addition in summary

　　such in this case on the other hand

　　then otherwise in conclusion 　　t

　　hus

　　4) 用于按比較法展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有

　　another moreover in addition (to)

　　equally important too, also at the same time

　　besides then in the same way

　　in fact like, similarly

　　5) 用于按對比法展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有

　　on the contrary different from on the other hand in contrast to despite

　　in spite of, yet, but ,whereas, unlike nevertheless not only…butalso here…there years)one ago…today the former…the latter then…now some…others one…the other once…now

　　on (the one hand…on the other hand(一方面…另一方面)

　　6)邏輯關(guān)系

　　遞進(jìn): then(然后)， besides(還有)， furthermore(而且)， moreover(此外)

　　轉(zhuǎn)折: however(然而)， but(但是)， on the country(相反)， after all(畢竟)

　　總結(jié): finally(最后)， at last(最后)， in brief(總之)，

　　in conclusion(最后)。強(qiáng)調(diào): indeed(確實(shí))， certainly(一定)， surely(確定)， above all(尤其)。對比: in the same way(同樣地)， just as(正如)， on the one hand…on the other hand

　　4.寫作中使用率最高覆蓋面最廣的基本句式

　　以下是短文寫作中使用率最高、覆蓋面最廣的基本句式，每組句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根據(jù)自己的情況選擇其中的1-2個，做到能夠熟練正確地仿寫或套用。

　　1、表示原因 1)There are three reasons for this. 2)The reasons for this are as follows. 3)The reason for this is obvious. 4)The reason for this is not far to seek. 5)The reason for this is that... 6)We have good reason to believe that...

　　例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly，most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life. 注：如考生寫第一個句子沒有把握，可將其改寫成兩個句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.這樣寫可以避免套用中的表達(dá)失誤。

　　2、表示好處 1)It has the following advantages. 2)It does us a lot of good. 3)It benefits us quite a lot. 4)It is beneficial to us. 5)It is of great benefit to us.

　　例如： Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.

　　3、表示壞處 1)It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2)It does us much harm. 3)It is harmful to us.

　　例如： However，everything

　　divides into two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.

　　4、表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能 1)It is important(necessary，difficult，convenient， possible)for sb.to do sth. 2)We think it necessary to do sth. 3)It plays an important role in our life.

　　例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business.Soon， computers will be found in every home，too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.

　　5、表示措施 1)We should take some effective measures. 2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties. 3)We should do our utmost in doing sth. 4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.

　　例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it.

　　6、表示變化 1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years. 2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications. 3)The computer has brought about many changes in education. 例如： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.

　　7、表示事實(shí)、現(xiàn)狀 1)We cannot ignore the fact that... 2)No one can deny the fact that... 3)There is no denying the fact that... 4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 5)However，that’s not the case.

　　例如： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.

　　8、表示比較 1)Compared with A，B... 2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV. 3)There is a striking contrast between them.

　　例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.

　　9、表示數(shù)量 1)It has increased(decreased)from...to... 2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800，000. 3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January. 　　例如： With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased. 　　再如： From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.

　　10、表示看法 1)People have(take，adopt，assume)different attitudes towards sth. 2)People have different opinions on this problem. 3)People take different views of(on)the question. 4)Some people believe that...Others argue that...

　　例如： People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success. Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.

　　再如： Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck?Different people have different views on it. 注：一個段落有時很適宜以問句開始，考生應(yīng)掌握這一寫作方法。

　　11、表示結(jié)論 1)In short，it can be said that ... 2)It may be briefly summed up as follows. 3)From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ...

　　例如： From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved.注：例句1可用于任何一個段落的結(jié)論句;例句3則多用文章結(jié)論段的第一句。

　　12、套語 1)It’s well known to us that ... 2)As is known to us，... 3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about. 4)From the graph(table，chart)listed above，it can be seen that ... 5)As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way.?

　　例如： As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus. The reason for this is obvious.Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an ‘ivory tower’. As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus.Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate. 　　再如： Does it pay to be honest?This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it.