高中外研版必修五Module5重點(diǎn)單詞、短語、句型、語法

必修五Module3 必修五Module4

1. athletics [æθ'letiks] n. 田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)

2. rugby ['rʌɡbi] n. 橄欖球

3. bat [bæt] n. 球拍；球棒

4. club [klʌb] n. 俱樂部

5. net [net] n. 網(wǎng)

6. pitch [pitʃ] n.（足球、橄欖球等）球場(chǎng)

7. ring [riŋ] n. 拳擊臺(tái)

8. stadium ['steidiəm] n. 體育場(chǎng)；運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)

9. track [træk] n. 跑道

10. tracksuit ['træksju:t] n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)服

11. trainer ['treinə] n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋；教練員

12. retire [ri'taiə] vi. 退休

13. perform [pə'fɔ:m] vi. 表現(xiàn)

14. retirement [ri'taiəmənt] n. 退休

15. background ['bækɡraund] n. 背景

16. brand [brænd] n. 商標(biāo)；牌子

17. sportswear ['spɔ:tswεə] n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)服裝；休閑服裝

18. logo ['lɔɡəu] n. （公司或組織的）標(biāo)識(shí)；標(biāo)志

19. advantage [əd'vɑ:ntidʒ] n. 優(yōu)勢(shì)；長(zhǎng)處

20. guarantee [ˌɡærən'ti:] vt. 保證

21. purchase ['pə:tʃəs] vt. 購買

22. designer [di'zainə] n. 設(shè)計(jì)師

23. gymnast ['dʒimnæst] n. 體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員

24. slogan ['sləuɡən] n. 標(biāo)語

25. specific [spi'sifik] adj. 具體的；特定的

26. symbol ['simbəl] n. 符號(hào)

27. marathon ['mærəθɔn] n. 馬拉松

28. score [skɔ:] vi. & vt. 得分

29. ministry ['ministri] n. （政府的）部

30. final ['fainl] n. 決賽

31. champion ['tʃæmpiən] n. 冠軍

32. quality ['kwɔləti] n. 特性；品德；品性

33. ultimate ['ʌltimət] adj. 最后的

34. victory ['viktəri] n. 勝利

35. dramatically [drə'mætikəli] adv. 戲劇性地

36. protest [prəu'test] vi. 抗議

37. declare [di'klεə] vt. 宣布

38. borough ['bʌrə] n. （自治）區(qū)

39. competitor [kəm'petitə] n. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者；對(duì)手

40. tough [tʌf] adj. 費(fèi)力的；棘手的；困難的

短語

1.retire from 從……退休/退役

2.perform one’s promise 履行承諾

3.perform an operation on sb. 給某人做手術(shù)

4.have an advantage over 比……有優(yōu)勢(shì)

5.have an advantage in 在……方面占優(yōu)勢(shì)

6.take advantage of 利用

7.to sb.’s advantage 對(duì)某人有利

8.have the advantage of 有……的優(yōu)勢(shì)

9.give sb. a guarantee 給某人保證/承諾

10.under guarantee 在保修期內(nèi)

11.on the increase 正在增加

12.together with 加之，連用；和，與

13.increase by 增加了(表示增加的比率)

14.increase(from…) to (從……)增長(zhǎng)到……(表示增加后的結(jié)果)

15.by chance 偶然地，意外地，碰巧

16.take a chance/chances 碰運(yùn)氣/冒險(xiǎn)

17.protest against/about/at 反對(duì)，抗議

18.declare sth.(to be) sth. 宣布某物是……，斷言……為……

19.declare war on/against sb. 對(duì)……宣戰(zhàn)

20.declare against 表示反對(duì)……

21.declare for 表示贊同

22.declare that. . . 聲明，鄭重地說

23.So what? (非正式)那又怎樣呢? 結(jié)果怎樣?

24.rise to one’s feet 站起身

25.That’s not the point那不是關(guān)鍵；沒有說到點(diǎn)子上

26.to the point 很得要領(lǐng)的；中肯的

27.off the point 離題的

28.There’s no point in. . . 干……沒有用；干……沒有意義

句型

1. But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life.

但正是這種失敗感使他下定決心要在他的新生活中取得成功。

2. Take advantage of class time, or you will miss most of what the teacher says.

利用好課堂上的時(shí)間，要不然你會(huì)錯(cuò)過老師講的內(nèi)容。

3. Her teaching experience gave her a big advantage over the other applicants for the job.

她的教學(xué)經(jīng)歷使她比起其他求職者具有更大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

4. Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time？

你能向我保證工作會(huì)按時(shí)完成嗎？

5. Mary scored the highest marks on the exam.

瑪麗在考試中得了最高分。

6. At present，the number of young people who smoke is on the increase.

目前吸煙的年輕人的數(shù)量正在增加。

7. He rose to his feet to thank all the listeners.

他站起來感謝所有的聽眾。

8. I hope that they’ll arrive on time, but the chances are that they will be late as usual.

我希望他們能夠按時(shí)趕到, 但很有可能他們會(huì)像往常一樣遲到。

語法

重點(diǎn)知識(shí)：

win

win vt. &vi. 其賓語不是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手而是war, game, prize, match, battle, competition等名詞。

beat和defeat兩者的賓語是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。

advantage

⑴ have an advantage over sb./sth. 比某人/某物有優(yōu)勢(shì)

⑵take advantage of 利用機(jī)會(huì)、某人的處境、弱點(diǎn)等

⑶to one’s advantage =to the advantage of sb. 對(duì)某人有利

chance

(the) chances are (that) …./ The chance is that ….. (It is likely / probable / possible that…)

很可能……

There is no chance that …. 不可能……

There is a chance that …/of … 有可能……

seize /grasp a chance 抓住機(jī)會(huì)

take a chance /take chances 冒險(xiǎn)，碰運(yùn)氣

by chance /by accident 碰巧

倍數(shù)

(1)倍數(shù)表達(dá)法： 倍數(shù)+ as .... as...

This room is four times as big as that one. 這個(gè)房間是那個(gè)房間的四倍大。

The road is twice as long as that one. 這條路是那條路的兩倍長(zhǎng)。

(2)倍數(shù)的其他結(jié)構(gòu)：

倍數(shù) + adj./adv. 的比較級(jí)+ than...

倍數(shù)+ the + 名詞(size,length, height,width...)+ of ...

This room is twice bigger than mine.

這個(gè)房間是我房間的兩倍大。

= This room is twice the size of mine.

狀語從句

⑴時(shí)間狀語從句

其連詞有：when, before, after, as soon as, as, while, hardly had…when, scarcely had …when, no sooner had … than, till / until, since, the moment, by the time 等。

⑵條件狀語從句

引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有：if, unless (if not) , on condition that , as long as。

注意：有時(shí)可以把祈使句作為條件從句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如：

Give him an inch, and he’ll take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, he’ll take a mile. )

但當(dāng)表示否定的條件時(shí)，可用連詞or 或otherwise， 如：

Start at once, or / otherwise you’ll miss the train. (= If you don’t start at once, you’ll miss the train.)

⑶讓步狀語從句

①引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有：though/although, even if/ even though, no matter who/ what/ when / where/ which / how ( whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however)

②whoever, whatever, whichever還可引導(dǎo)名詞從句。而no matter who/ what/ which 只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：

He didn’t want to be disturbed, no matter who wanted to see him.

= He didn’t want to be disturbed, whoever wanted to see him.

I’ll give the books to whoever needs them.

as引導(dǎo)讓步從句。但as一般不置于句首，而將從句中的表語或狀語置于句首(though也可以)。如：

Tired as he was, he still went on with his work.

Much as he likes the bike, he doesn’t want to buy it.

Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam.

⑷ 原因狀語從句

①引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有because, since, as, now that

because: 語氣最強(qiáng)，回答why時(shí)用because，如：

Why are you late? Because there is a traffic jam.

since: “既然……”，表對(duì)方已知的事實(shí)或理由，常放在句首。如：

Since you have got enough money with you now, you can come and buy it next time.

as: “由于……”， 語氣較弱，較口語化，表明顯的原因或已知的事實(shí)，常放在句首。如：

As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result.

for是一個(gè)等立連詞，連接的是兩個(gè)并列的分句，其他三個(gè)引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句；for不能放在句首。如：

It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.

⑸比較狀語從句

①比較狀語從句主要用在形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的句子中。原級(jí)： as …as … not so / as …as ；比較級(jí): 比較級(jí)+ than … ；最高級(jí)：最高級(jí)+in / of / among …

②no more than 和 not more than

His education added up to no more than one year.

They finished the project in not more than one year.

③兩者中“較……的一個(gè)”，用the + 比較級(jí)。

The younger of the twin sisters is more considerable.