英語詞匯用法比較:have to與must,can與be able to
2011-09-06 18:03:45愛思學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
比較have to 和must的用法
1) 兩詞都是'必須'的意思,have to 表示客觀的需要, must 表示說話人主觀上的看法,既主觀上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厲害,我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事)
He said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)
2) have to有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化,而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3) 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中: don't have to 表示"不必"
mustn't 表示"禁止",
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把這件事告訴他。
比較can 和be able to
1)can could 表示能力;可能 (過去時用could),
只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。be able to可以用于各種時態(tài)。
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。
2)只用be able to
a. 位于助動詞后。
b. 情態(tài)動詞后。
c. 表示過去某時刻動作時。
d. 用于句首表示條件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事時,只能用was/were able to, 不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
注意:could不表示時態(tài)
1)提出委婉的請求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
--- Could I have the television on?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
2)在否定,疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是壞人。