高考英語(yǔ)典型陷阱語(yǔ)法題:名詞的用法
來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2009-03-17 16:54:47
  ◆典型陷阱題分析◆
  1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes.
  A. a, tear                                                  B. a piece of, tears
  C. a, tears                                                 D. a piece of, tear
  【陷阱】誤選D,許多學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為,既然news(消息)和 paper(紙)均為不可數(shù)名詞,那么newspaper(報(bào)紙)也應(yīng)是不可數(shù)的;同時(shí)認(rèn)為“眼淚”即“淚水”,“水”不可數(shù),“淚水”和“眼淚”也應(yīng)該不可數(shù)。
  【分析】最佳答案為C。newspaper和 tear均為可數(shù)名詞,它們不僅可以連用不定冠詞、可以用復(fù)數(shù),而且還可以連用數(shù)詞。
  Her eyes filled with tears. 她熱淚盈眶。
  She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼淚。
  The newspapers were full of lies. 報(bào)紙上一片謊言。
  A newspaper is a publication. 報(bào)紙是一種出版物。
  順便說(shuō)一句,若不是將 newspaper 當(dāng)作是供閱讀或傳遞信息的一種東西,而只是把它當(dāng)成一種“紙”來(lái)看待,也可用作不可數(shù)名詞,如:
  Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用張報(bào)紙包起來(lái)。
  2. Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private company.
  A. cooker, typewriter                                 B. cook, typist
  C. cooker, typist                                        D. cook, typewriter
  【陷阱】誤選A,許多同學(xué)想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為:cook 用作動(dòng)詞,表示“煮飯”,所以 cooker 應(yīng)是其相應(yīng)的名詞,表示“煮飯的人”,即“廚師”;type 用作動(dòng)詞,表示“打字”,所以 typewriter 應(yīng)表示“打字員”。
  【分析】而事實(shí)是:cook=廚師,cooker=炊具;typist=打字員,typewriter=打字機(jī)。即此題正確答案為B。
  3. “Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by ________.”
  A. heavy traffic                                              B. heavy traffics
  C. crowded traffic                                     D. crowded traffics
  【陷阱】B、C、D三項(xiàng)均容易誤選。
  【分析】對(duì)于此題,首先要明確traffic為不可數(shù)名詞,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,故排除B和D。另外,漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣說(shuō)“交通擁擠”,而英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上卻不能用crowded 來(lái)修飾 traffic,要表示漢語(yǔ)的“交通擁擠”,英語(yǔ)通常說(shuō)heavy traffic,即選A。如下面一題也是選A:
  She is not a competent driver and can’t cope with driving in _______.
  A. heavy traffic                                              B. heavy traffics
  C. crowded traffic                                     D. crowded traffics
  4. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.
  A. cattle is                                                B. cattle are
  C. cattles are                                             D. the cattles are
  【陷阱】此題容易誤選A,想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為cattle是單數(shù),并且空格有表單數(shù)的one,自然謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is。
  【陷阱】其實(shí),正確答案為B。cattle(牲畜,牛)為集合名詞,盡管它不帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s,卻永遠(yuǎn)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,若用作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)。又如:
  For this many cattle were killed. 為此宰了不少牲畜。
  The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一樣被趕到一起。
  類(lèi)似地,police(警察),people(人),police(警察),poultry(家禽)等也具有同樣用法,即只有單數(shù)形式,但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義;用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)通常也用復(fù)數(shù);不與 a(n) 連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如:
  The poultry have been fed. 家禽已經(jīng)喂過(guò)飼料了。
  In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英國(guó)警察通常不帶槍。
  It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you”. 遇到有人忘記道謝的時(shí)候,我就不痛快。
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